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The transport of fresh products generally takes place in (refrigerated) trucks, reefer containers or by plane. Checks and proper loading are always important to maintain good (temperature) conditions for the product during transport. For strawberries, refrigerated transport is often necessary. Trucks and reefers can maintain a low temperature, but do not have enough cooling capacity to lower the product temperature. Therefore, products must be pre-cooled before entering the refrigerated truck or reefer. During transport and waiting periods, the load must be well covered to protect against dust, sun and rain. Careful driving and careful product handling is essential to prevent damage to products due to mechanical action.
Strawberries are packed on the farm or packhouse in close distance to the farm. Timely transport to the farm or packhouse with pre-cooling facility is necessary as quickly obtaining a low temperature is essential for the keeping quality of strawberry. Pre-cooling of the product, usually to a temperature between 0 and 1 ºC, is absolutely necessary before the product enters the refrigerated truck for further transport. Strawberries for distant (export) markets are shipped by air due to their limited shelf life. Foil laminated thermal blankets can be used to cover an entire pallet if cold chain temperature cannot be guaranteed, for example during transfer at the airport. Ideally, strawberries are transported to the final market on the day of picking.
Loading at the farm
When collecting at the farm, the crates or other packages must be carefully stacked and tightened to ensure that they do not shift or fall over during transport. Ideally, the crates fit well between the sides of the truck. For larger trucks and for loads that do not fully occupy the truck floor, tightening must be done by placing (pallet-)edge protectors at the edges of a batch of stacked packages.
Cold tunnels at the loading dock. Photo by ANDREY FEDORENKO/Shutterstock.com
Loading after pre-cooling
The loading must be realized preferably from a climate-controlled loading dock via “cold tunnels” into the truck or reefer. This prevents ambient air from entering the pre-cooled reefer container or truck or the climate-controlled loading dock. Aside from maintaining the strawberries at the desired low temperature, this is important in order to avoid condensation, which will occur when warm moisture-laden air enters the reefer container or truck. Higher humidity or condensation may encourage the growth moulds.
Nano-packing material with lower relative humidity, oxygen transmission rate and high longitudinal strength was synthesized by blending polyethylene with nano-powder (nano-Ag, kaolin, anatase TiO(2), rutile TiO(2)), and its effect on preservation quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv Fengxiang) was investigated during storage at 4 degrees C. Results showed that nano-packaging was able to maintain the sensory, physicochemical, and physiological quality of strawberry fruits at a higher level compared with the normal packing (polyethylene bags). After a 12-d storage, decreases in the contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and ascorbic acid of nano-packing were significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, decay rate, anthocyanin, and malondialdehyde contents were decreased to 16.7%, 26.3 mg/100g, 66.3 micromol/g for nano-packing and 26.8%, 31.9 mg/100g, 75.4 micromol/g for normal packing; polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and pyrogallol peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly lower in nano-packing than the control. These data indicated that the nano-packaging might provide an attractive alternative to improve preservation quality of the strawberry fruits during extended storage.
Practical application: Nano-packing exhibited identified quality benefits applicable to the preservation of fresh strawberry. Furthermore, nano-packing has the advantages of simple processing and feasibility to be industrialized in contrast with other storages. Thus, the utilization of nano-packing will likely assist commercial producers and retailers in extending the shelf life of products over a broader range in the future.